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菩提田

 

BODHI FIELD

遊方
TUDONG
無畏寺FITlNDRIYA尼師 文
BYSISTER JITINDRIYA OF ABHAYAGIRI MONASTERY
比丘尼恒文 中譯
CHINESE TRANSLATlON BY BHIKSHUNI HENG WEN

「遊方」,給人的感受是很富於傳奇色彩和啟發性的,至少對我來說是這樣。「啊!那行腳僧的生涯!」事實上,它超過思議,常常出乎意料之外,不可預知的。

一九九七年春,我們四個人開始了五星期的行腳,路程從Hertfordshire的Amaravati Monastery向英格蘭西北進行,有阿姜Siripanna, Sister Uttama,Anagarika Joanne和我四個人。因我們四人將駐於Devon之Hartridge寺,我們認為以行腳方式來完成 行程,遵循住山派傳統,和僧人乞食的修行方式,是很妙的。

事實上,這次的行腳並非想像中那般富於啟發性,在理念和哲學的返觀上或許是的,但對於身心情緒方面來說,它的微細地方,卻常常是對我們的一種挑戰,但這就是行腳的意義一把我們從慣有的舒適領域裏拔出,置放於未知數中。讓我們親自觀照面對陌生境界時不安穩的狀態。

這也是寺院修練的目的,在粗劣原始的環境中磨練我們的心性,更充分體驗人生,更直接透視事物的真相。那時,人會覺察到我們的這顆心,為了避開自然的苦痛,是如何習於操縱改變環境。無論是以明顯的手段,或微細的方式,都只會滅損我們真正的智慧和解悟。隔絕邁向解脫自在的途徑,最後總是被捆綁於孤離絕望之中。所以行腳是一種加深正念的法門,堅定行者的信心,增強忍力、平等心、感恩心。此外,也讓行者暫離寺院,欣然處身於曠闊的原野中。 大致說這次行腳是成功的,我們安全到這Devon,受到熱誠的歡迎。我們四人,經過五星期朝夕相處(一天二十四小時都相接觸),還保持友好。當然,其間亦有困難的時刻,因每人各有不同的個性和心情,實在說,團體生活中最難的一環,是大家都開誠相待,和合相處。因此對我來說,時時都要學習彼此了解,與人開誠坦言。

行腳的慢步調,正適宜這些互動和觀照,有閑暇去感受。當苦痛來臨時,能親尋根源,觀察因緣生滅而不執著。「總有行程在前」,幫著我們不去追想過去;至於未來,則不知何事會發生,只能注意眼前的每一步。「明白未來」的期望,常是妄想,未來,不會如預期那般出現。當我們四人在五月初一那天出發時,氣候和暖 ,陽光絢麗,一如四月。當我們聽了不祥的天氣預測,雨將來臨時,心裏還存有天氣會晴朗的希望。但兩三天後,天氣轉涼,此後三個星期又冷又濕,不宜行走。本來我們預備用睡袋露營,結果仍然常常需   找穀倉遮蔽。所幸我們都受到溫暖仁慈的接待,除了一次例外。

天氣儘管惡劣,我們的心受著沿途的人慈悲的溫潤。有些寒夜著實荒涼,又冷又溼,又找不到像樣的地方遮蔽過夜;過了晚上十點仍在暗中摸索,我們如此熬過一夜,第二天醒來時,覺得昨晚並不那麼糟!

頭幾天當然很辛苦,厚重的背包,增加了兩足的重擔。我和阿姜Siripanna先前沒有準備,可想而知初期的旅程很辛苦,我練習使拖鞋適腳。雖然以後大家漸漸習慣後,情況改善了,但從未達到完全舒適的地步。即使最後幾天,我們仍與疲倦困竭的體力掙扎著,也許這是長期積累的困倦,由於每晚寒涼不適,雙足抽痛,睡眠不足的緣故而精疲力竭。

讀者們也許認為這很可怕,其實沒什麼,還是沒法的事;雖不很愉快,卻讓人有逆緣而修的機會。再說,我們從未遇著危險,雖然困難,內心卻有一種恬然自在的感覺。一切事多麼簡單,不必多想!重擔卸下了,隨遇而安;沒有預約的集會點 ,不必趕時間,沒有截止日期,需休息便休息,想上路便上路,多好!

最初幾天沒那麼好,不容易找到清水和露營的地方,鄉野的風景也沒甚特別。但當我們到達Oxfordhire,然後Berkshire和Wiltshire時,景觀就不同了一美麗的原野,仁慈、和藹、親切的居民。我們的宿處各種各樣:穀倉、棚屋;小貨車上渡過一夜,另一夜在屋頂的閣樓;或深密的叢林,或開闊的田野間或曠野;或在有刺和通電的鐵絲網間一條狹窄的地面(總算是不易找得的平坦地)、休息室的地上、不用的教堂、人家的後草坪,或花園、板球場的門廊、客房、耶穌教的修道院,最後在B &B!有一夜在Devon的佛教會。還有一 夜宿於海灘細節以後再談。至於飲食,除了從Amaravati(佛教永生中心)出發後第一天有人請食外,其他都未預作安排,幾個檀越為護持這一行給了Anagarka Joanne一些費用,有時這便作為飲食費用,其他全憑信心。我們儘可能乞食,得到的反應出乎意料,收到了太多食物,常吃不完。

值得注意的是,這些居民非常熱心的 想幫助我們。他們並非佛教徒,而且往往不知我們是佛的弟子。他們只是仁慈、體諒、樂於布施的好人。很多人想給我們金 錢,但我們很溫和地解釋說,「寺院的規矩不准我們接受,或使用金錢」,他們聽了很驚訝。有的人始終不了解,有的人道歉,有的人則想說服我們接受金錢,認為這並無罪過,但當他們了解托缽的意義後 ,就立刻供給我們食物了。

當我們乞食時,會站在適當的地方,既不妨礙行人,同時也讓人見得到。我們手托著缽,靜靜地站著,不出聲要求飲食,那不合規矩。在佛法的修習中,慷慨很受崇尚,是修行的第一步,我們就在那兒助成人的布施心。

待續


The idea of going on tudong conjures rather romantic and inspirational images and feelings, for me at least... "Ah, the real wandering life!" But reality is never contained or represented fully in ideas and perceptions, and remains always unexpected and unknown.

In the spring of 1997 four of us set off on a five-week walking tour from Amaravati Monastery in Hertfordshire to the Southwest of England. Ajahn Siripanna, Sister Uttama, Anagarika Joanne and myself were going to take up residence in Hartridge Monastery in Devon and had thought this would be a wonderful way to go, and in keeping with the practice of the Forest Tradition and alms mendicancy.  

However, the joumey wasn't all inspirational by any means. In concept and theory and in philosophical retrospect... yes, perhaps ... but the nitty-gritty of it at times was quite challenging - physically, mentally and emotionally- but then that is what this kind of walk (tudong) is all about. It's a kind of stripping away of the usual 'comfort zones' that one can retreat into so as to contemplate the sense of insecurity that is thus laid bare in the face of the unknown.

This is much of what the monastic training is about too, to train the mind to be more fully present with life as you experience it in the raw, creating the possibility for direct insight into the true nature of things. In doing so one notices how habituated the mind is to controlling and manipulating circumstances, in both gross and subtle ways, in an attempt to not have to feel the natural pain and insecurity of life. But by doing this we effectively cut ourselves off from true wisdom and understanding and the way to freedom, and can eventually wind ourselves into a tight ball of alienation and despair. So these walks are a monastic practice, intended to help deepen mindfulness, to cultivate a heart of faith, and to develop qualities such as patient endurance, equanimity and gratitude. Having said that, it's true to say that they are also undertaken with great enthusiasm as an opportunity to get out of the monastery for a while, and enjoy life in the open countryside!

All in all, one could say that the walk was a great success in that we survived, and we arrived in Devon to many people's enthusiasm for our presence there. We also arrived still friends and in reasonably good humour! During five weeks together (literally 24 hours of every day, side by side), there were naturally and expectedly some moments of difficulty, as we each went through our different moods and cycles. In fact, I find relationship and communication in community life one of the most challenging areas in which to continue to be honest, open, and yet responsible. So I find there's always much to be learnt... primarily about myself and my own ways and tactics in communication, and also about others. Learning about how to express oneself more clearly and unconditionally, and learning to be more and more open to others' minds and moods of all kinds in an honest and unconditional way too.

Walking is a good pace for such kind of contemplation and interaction. There's time to feel and to be with suffering as it arises, to find its cause and source, to try to understand it and let go of it. Always moving on is helpful; not going backwards or hanging on to what's gone before. Also not knowing what's to come, but knowing only each step as it is, and constantly seeing all imagined futures to be pure projection, things rarely or never unfolding exactly as expected.

When the four of us set off on the 1st of May, the weather was warm, sunny and beautiful. All of April had been like that. We heard an ominous report of rain to come, but we remained hopeful. However after only two or three days the weather turned and most of the first three weeks were cold, wet and not great walking weather. We had planned to camp out in bivvy-bags but found we often had to ask for shelter in barns. All but once we were met with warmth, kindness and sometimes remarkable hospitality.

Despite the adverse weather conditions, our hearts were being nourished by the kindness we met along the way. There were some nights that seemed very bleak to us at the time, very cold or very wet, not being able to find shelter or anywhere semi-decent to stop and sleep, and having to walk on till almost dark or after dark (after 10pm in that season). But we always survived, and in the wake of the new morning it never seemed quite as bad as it had the night before.

The first few days were inevitably rather painful as we got used to the weight on our backs and extra stress on our feet. Ajahn Siripanna and myself hadn't really had time to prepare ourselves physically beforehand so we knew the first part of the walk would be painful. I was also breaking in some new sandals. Although we gradually felt a bit fitter as the days passed, we never really felt on top of things physically. Even on the last day of our walk we battled with low energy and fatigue. Perhaps it was an accumulation of tiredness as there were many nights with little sleep because of cold, discomfort, throbbing feet, exhaustion, or all of it!

It might sound rather horrible as you read this but actually, it was alright. It was just how it was and there was no alternative to be had so although not particularly pleasant, it was all good stuff to practise with. We were never in any danger. Much of the time, despite the difficulties, a certain kind of ease or quiet joy could be detected in the heart - in just the simplicity of it all - not having to think too much, being 'unburdened' (bar the weight of the pack) and wandering as we were. It was good not to have any planned rendezvous which meant we didn't have to stress ourselves out in covering miles or making deadlines that inevitably become difficult to meet. We could rest when we needed to, and move on when we were ready.  

The first few days weren't so great. It wasn't easy to find water or anywhere to camp, and the countryside was not so striking. But before long, once we entered into Oxfordshire, then Berkshire and Wiltshire, things were very different. Beautiful countryside and kind, interested and hospitable folk.  

We stayed in all sorts of situations - barns, sheds, a caravan one night, in someone's spare attic room another night; in dense woods, in open fields, on the moors, in a strip of land between barbed wire and electric fencing (it was at least flat ground, often hard to find!). On loungeroom floors, a redundant church, someone's back lawn, another's garden, a porch in a cricket ground, some guest bedrooms, a night at a Christian Abbey, and finally, a B&B! Also a night with a Buddhist Community in Devon. Oh, and one night on the beach! But more about that later.  

Apart from one arranged meal invitation the day after we left Amaravati, we didn't arrange any other meetings beforehand, just wanting to take each day as it came and to go on faith. Anagarika Joanne had been given a bit of money by various people to help support us along the way and so was able to offer us food at times, so it wasn't the complete 'faith tudong', but we did go on almsround as often as we could in various towns on route and were always met with an astounding response from people, nearly always getting much more food than the four of us could eat that day.

It was remarkable that people in these places were so keen to help us. They weren't particularly Buddhist or even knew that we were, much of the time. They were just kind, thoughtful folk all too happy to give. Most tried to offer us money at first but we would gently explain that our monastic rule did not allow us to accept or use money. This always amazed people - some could not fathom it, others apologised and some even tried to convince us that it was alright to take their money. Almost always people would come back with food once they had understood what our almsbowls were for.

When we go for alms in villages, we find a suitable place to stand so we won't be in the way of people, but where they would naturally pass us and see us, and we stand there silently with our bowls. We are not allowed to ask for food, begging is against the training. The attitude is more one of making ourselves available to receive alms, as in Buddhist practice the virtue of generosity is held in high esteem and it's cultivation of prime importance in developing the spiritual path.

~ To be continued

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