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贊日
淡泊明志 躬耕南陽
與世無爭 高臥草堂
寒來暑往 秋收冬藏
禮賢下士 出師無方
註解﹕
「淡泊明志，躬耕南陽」：他很淡泊名利，在南陽自己種田來維持生活。
「與世無爭，高臥草堂」：在人世間不爭論，到時工作到時休息，態度很超然。
「寒來暑往，秋收冬藏」：表示順其自然，隨時代的變化；比如種田，秋天收割，冬天收藏，很平常的事。
「禮賢下士，出師無方」：有才華的人，他很愛惜。他出兵中原沒有一定的戰略，只是盡人事，聽天命，所以本來沒有辦法討伐中原，但後來也盡力去討伐中原。
又說偈曰：
空城妙計司馬慌 一生謹慎誓興邦
運籌帷幄知彼我 決勝戰場分弱強
大罵王朗落敵魄 三氣公瑾損周郎
才華蓋世身先喪 造物弄人不久長
註解：
「空城妙計司馬慌」：諸葛亮一生謹慎不冒險，北魏都督司馬懿也知道。有一次司馬懿進攻蜀國，攻打諸葛亮駐紮的一個城；城裡沒有兵駐守，可是並不是沒有人住，有老百姓住，就是沒有軍隊守著。要是諸葛亮不出來，那司馬懿一定就拿下那個城了，西蜀也就亡了。
「一生謹慎誓興邦」：諸葛亮一生謹慎，可是這一次他冒險了。他坐在城樓上下棋，叫守衛的在下面掃地，裝作不慌不忙，胸有成竹的樣子。司馬懿看諸葛亮似乎毫無恐懼，以為他有埋伏，如果自己進去就中計了，所以就撤軍40里；等知道城裏沒有兵，想再進攻，諸葛亮的軍隊已經回來了。
因為諸葛亮平時謹慎，就這一次冒險，司馬懿預測不到，才能把司馬懿騙了，僥倖成功。
「運籌帷幄知彼我」：運籌於帷幄之中，他在軍營裡計劃，就可以決勝於千里之外。知彼我，他這種足智多謀，料事如神的戰術，知己知彼，所以就百戰百勝。
「決勝戰場分弱強」：他沒有作戰時，就知道彼此強弱的形勢；敵人的軍隊大過他的，他也打贏。
「大罵王朗落敵魄」：他把王朗--曹操的說客，大罵一頓，把他氣死。
「三氣公瑾損周郎」：東吳的都督周公瑾，是一個年輕好勝的英雄，諸葛亮引他攻打北魏，用激將法把周郎也給氣死了。
「才華蓋世身先喪」：他才華很多，但命不長，雖然超過顏子
--顏子是孔子門下的一個賢徒，32歲就死了--諸葛亮也只活了58歲，在五丈原死了。
「造物弄人不久長」：所以天地生物，造化弄人，往往沒有十全十美的，總有點缺陷，叫你對境發心，覺悟「一切有為法，如夢幻泡影，如露亦如電，應作如是觀。」
--「憶諸葛亮丞相」文完--
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A verse in praise says:
Leading a serene life to make clear his own resolve,
He personally plowed the fields at Nanyang.
Holding himself detached from the world,
He slept comfortably in his thatched hut.
Winter came and summer went;
In autumn there was harvest and
in winter the crops were stored.
Courteous to worthy and learned ones,
The way he dispatched his troops was uncanny and superb.
Commentary:
Leading a serene life to make clear his own resolve,
/ He personally plowed the fields at Nanyang.
He supported himself by farming. Holding himself
detached from the world, He slept comfortably in his
thatched hut. He did not contend with worldly
people. When it was time to work, he worked; and likewise,
when it was time to rest, he rested. He was detached.
Winter came and summer went; / In
autumn there was harvest and in winter the crops were
stored. "Winter came" represents his compliance
with the natural changes of the season. For example, in
farming, during the fall there is the harvest and in the
winter the crops are stored. These are very ordinary
affairs.
Courteous to worthy and learned
ones. He cherished people with talent, such as
those who had literary ability. The way he
dispatched his troop was uncanny and superb. The
way he attacked the Central Plains could not be pinpointed
to any particular method. He simply tried his best and left
his fate to the gods.
Another verse says:
The wonderful trick of the "empty city" alarmed
Si-ma.
Throughout his life, he was prudent and pledged to help
his nation prosper.
Knowing both the enemy and himself, he devised
strategies in his tent.
Assurance of victory on the battlefield separates the
strong from the weak.
In a fury he scolded Wang Lang, and demoralized the enemy.
Three times he annoyed and demeaned gentleman Jou Gung-jin.
His brilliance was unrivalled, but he died early.
The "creator of things" toys with people: he did not live
long.
Commentary:
The wonderful trick of the "empty city" alarmed
Si-ma. Throughout his life, he was prudent and pledged to
help his nation prosper. Zhu-ge Liang played an
empty city trick. Throughout his life he was cautious and
never took a risk Si-ma Yi, commander of the Northern Wei
forces, also knew that Zhu-ge Liang never took risks. Once
Si-ma attacked a city where Zhu-ge Liang was stationed, but
the city did not have an army inside. That does not mean
there weren't any people in it at all. There were common
citizens living inside, but no army guarding it. If Zhu-ge
Liang did not stand up against the threats of Si-ma Yi's
army, Si-ma Yi would surely have captured that city and as a
result, the Western state of Shu would have lost that whole
territory.
Zhu-ge Liang was a prudent person who never took risks, but
this time he took a risk. He sat above the gates of the city
wall and played the Chinese zither. He asked the guards to
sweep the ground below. He did not appear to be the
slightest bit afraid but looked as if he had a well
thought-out plan. Si-ma Yi noticed that Zhu-ge Liang was
playing the zither very calmly, and so he figured that Zhu-ge
Liang had an ambush waiting for him. If he entered the city,
he would fall into that ambush. Thereupon he withdrew his
troops for forty miles. After he ascertained that the city
was empty and without an army to guard it, he wanted to
attack again, but by then Zhu-ge Liang's troops had
returned.
Although Zhu-ge Liang was prudent, he
took a risk once in a while, and so Si-ma Yi was unable to
predict his actions. This time Zhu-ge Liang had succeeded by
luck, but in his entire life he was prudent and took
everything seriously. This time he took a risk and was able
to trick Si- ma Yi.
Knowing both the enemy and
himself, he devised strategies in his tent. He
would devise military maneuvers inside the military camp,
but he would win battles even though they were a thousand
miles away. He knew the enemy and knew himself, so he could
fight a hundred battles and win them all. Assurance
of victory on the battlefield separates the strong from the
weak. Before a battle began, he already knew
whether he or the enemy had more soldiers. He could devise
plans to win against a strong enemy even if his own forces
were weak. He would also be victorious over any enemy with
an army larger than his own.
In a fury he scolded Wang Lang,
and demoralized the enemy. He gave Wang Lang, a
persuasive negotiator for Cao Cao, a good scolding. Zhu-ge
Liang scolded Wang Lang until the latter died of vexation.
Three times he annoyed and demeaned gentleman Zhou
Gong-jin. Zhou Gong-jin was a young hero, the
commander of the forces of the Eastern state of Wu, who
loved to be number one. Zhu-ge Liang goaded him into
attacking the Northern State of Wei.
His brilliance was unrivalled,
but he died early. His talent was peerless, but his
life was short. Even though he had passed through the gate
of Yan Zi-Yan Zi was the eminent disciple of Confucius who
passed away at the age of thirty-two- still, he died at Wo
Zhang Yuan when he was only fifty-eight years old.
The "creator of things" toys with people: he did not live
long. The "creator of things" sometimes creates
people who are almost perfect, but not completely perfect.
In most aspects they are very good, but they might have a
fault, a small defect. That defect is an opportunity for
people to resolve their minds on becoming enlightened and
understanding that:
AII conditioned dharmas
Are like dreams, illusions,
bubbles, shadows,
Like dewdrops or a lightning flash:
Contemplate them in this way.
[The End of the Essayon Prime Minister
Zhu-ge Liang]
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