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阿難。世間一切所修心人。不假禪那。無有智慧。但能執身不行淫欲。若行若坐。想念俱無。愛染不生。無留欲界。是人應念身為梵侶。如是一類。名梵眾天。
現在是講色界初禪天、二禪天、三禪天、四禪天，講這個四禪天。「阿難。世間一切所修心人」：世間所有一切能自己修心的人。「不假禪那」：他不藉著禪那的功夫，靜慮的功夫。「無有智慧」：所以他也就沒有真正的智慧。「但能執身」：他但能執守自己的身，「不行淫欲」。「若行若坐」：無論走路和坐著，乃至於睡覺，行、住、坐、臥，隨時隨地。「想念俱無。愛染不生」：他沒有愛染心，就是見著再美麗的色塵，也不生愛染的心。「無留欲界」：不留在欲界六天。「是人應念。身為梵侶」：這個人應念他和清淨的人在一起，沒有欲念的。「如是一類。名梵眾天」：像這樣的一類人生在那個梵眾天去，就是做天上清淨的天民，做天上的老百姓，所以叫眾，是很多的。
欲習既除。離欲心現。於諸律儀。愛樂隨順。是人應時能行梵德。如是一類。名梵輔天。
「欲習既除」：欲也就是淫欲。食色性也，人都好吃好東西，好貪美麗的顏色，這是與生俱來的一種習氣。這個人他淫欲心沒有了。「離欲心現」：欲習既然除去了，離開淫欲這個心就現前了。「於諸律儀」：這個人他就修一切的戒律、威儀。「愛樂隨順」：他愛戒律，跟著戒律去修行。「是人應時。能行梵德」：這個人隨時隨地都修清淨的德行。梵就是一種清淨。「如是一類。名梵輔天」：像這一類的人就生到初禪的第二天——梵輔天上去。怎麼叫輔呢？就是輔弼、輔佐，就是在天上幫助大梵天王的。
身心妙圓。威儀不缺。清淨禁戒。加以明悟。是人應時能統梵眾。為大梵王。如是一類。名大梵天。
前邊那是梵輔天；現在這是大梵天。「身心妙圓」：身也妙圓；心也妙圓，微妙而圓滿。圓滿什麼呢？就圓滿這沒有欲念，沒有淫欲心。「威儀不缺」：對於這三千威儀、八萬細行也都不缺少了，也都圓滿了。「清淨禁戒」：所有佛所說的戒律，他都清淨而執守。「加以明悟」：不單清淨而執守，而且又加以明悟，明白而了悟這個戒相、戒體、戒法。「是人應時能統梵眾」：這個人臨命終生到天上去，能以統領清淨天的梵眾。「為大梵王」：他作大梵天的天王。「如是一類」：像這樣子清淨戒律這一類的眾生，生到這個大梵天上去。「名大梵天」：這個天就名叫大梵天。
阿難。此三勝流。一切苦惱所不能逼。雖非正修真三摩地。清淨心中。諸漏不動。名為初禪。
「阿難！此三勝流」：就是這個梵眾天、梵輔天、大梵天，這叫三勝流，是一種殊勝的一種果位。「一切苦惱所不能逼」：到初禪這三天，一切的苦惱就都沒有了，不能逼了。「雖非正修。真三摩地」：雖然他不懂佛法，而不是一個真正修行的真正定力。可是他「清淨心中」：他持戒清淨，在這個清淨心裏邊。「諸漏不動」：他什麼毛病也不生了；不動就是不生了。好像你想要用這個，想要用那個，或者想吃好東西，或者想穿好衣服，或者想這種種的物欲，總而言之，這都是叫漏。諸漏不動，他沒有一切的毛病，沒有一切的習氣煩惱。「名為初禪」：這個名字就叫初禪天。你修道若是到了初禪的這種境界，這個脈會停住的；你這個脈不動彈，這是初禪。所以說是你有沒有功夫，你看看你這個脈還有沒有動。真得到初禪的境界，你身上的這個血脈停止了，就等於死人一樣，入這個初禪。這個初禪是修行的第一步，並不是很高深的。
待續 |
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Sutra:
Ananda, all those in the world who cultivate their
minds but do not avail themselves of dhyana and so have no
wisdom, can only control their bodies so as to not engage in
sexual desire. Whether walking or sitting, or in their
thoughts, they are totally devoid of it. Since they do not
give rise to defiling love, they do not remain in the realm
of desire. These people, in response to their thought, take
on the bodies of Brahma beings. Such beings are in the
Heaven of the Multitudes of Brahma.
Commentary:
Ananda,
now we will talk about the Form Realm,
the heavens of the Four Dhyanas. All those in the world who
cultivate their minds but do not avail themselves of dhyana
and so have no wisdom, can only control their bodies so as
to not engage in sexual desire. They haven't become skilled
in the practice of dhyana—of stilling their thoughts, and so
they don't have any genuine wisdom. What they can do is
control their own bodies and refrain from engaging in lust.
Whether walking or sitting, or in their thoughts, they are
totally devoid of it. Walking, standing, sitting, and lying
down—even in their sleep—at all times and in all places,
they do not give rise to defiling love. No matter how
beautiful an object of form they may see, they do not give
rise to defiling thoughts of love, and so they do not remain
in the realm of desire. These people can, in response to
their thought, take on the bodies of Brahma beings. They
join other pure beings. None of them have any desire.
Such
beings are in the Heaven of the Multitudes of Brahma.
They
become part of the multitudes of pure beings who inhabit
this heaven.
Sutra:
In those who have cast aside the habit of desire, the
mind apart from desire manifests. They delight in following
the precepts. Practicing Brahma virtue at all times, such
beings are in the Heaven of the Ministers of Brahma.
Commentary:
In those who have cast aside the habit of
desire, the mind apart from desire manifests. They delight
in following the precepts. People by nature like food and
sex. These habits are innate in them. But at this point,
these beings have gotten rid of their habits of sexual
desire. Since they don't have desire, the mind apart from
desire appears. They cultivate the precepts and the rules of
awesome deportment. Practicing Brahma virtue at all times,
such beings are in the Heaven of the Ministers of Brahma. At
all times and in all situations, they cultivate pure
practices. Their conduct is virtuous and pure. "Brahma"
means purity. These people are born in the second heaven of
the first dhyana. As ministers, they aid the Great Brahma
Heaven King.
Sutra:
Those whose bodies and minds are wonderfully perfect,
and whose awesome deportment is not in the least deficient,
are pure in the precepts and have a thorough understanding
of them as well. Governing the Brahma multitudes as Great
Brahma Lords, such beings are in the Great Brahma Heaven.
Commentary:
The preceding passage concerned the Heaven of
the Ministers of Brahma, whereas this passage describes the
Great Brahma Heaven. Those whose bodies and minds are
wonderfully perfect, in the matter of being without any
thoughts of desire, and whose awesome deportment is not in
the least deficient, are pure in the prohibitive
precepts
and have a thorough understanding of them as well. They are
not lacking in any of the three thousand awesome deportments
or the eighty thousand minor aspects of conduct. They are
perfect in them all. They perfectly uphold all the precepts
spoken by the Buddha. Not only do they hold them purely,
they have a comprehensive understanding of them as well.
They have enlightened to the appearance, substance, and
dharma of the precepts. Governing the Brahma multitudes as
Great Brahma Lords, such beings are in the Great Brahma
Heaven. When these people's lives end, they are born in the
heavens and they are able to rule the pure multitudes in the
Brahma Heavens.
Sutra:
Ananda, those who flow to these three superior levels
will not be oppressed by any affliction. Although they have
not developed proper samadhi, their minds are pure to the
point that all outflows are stilled. This is called the
First Dhyana.
Commentary:
Ananda, those who flow to these three superior
levels will not be oppressed by any afflictions. The three
superior levels are the Heaven of the Multitudes of Brahma,
the Heaven of the Ministers of Brahma, and the Great Brahma
Heaven. These are transcendent levels—the three heavens of
the first dhyana—in which suffering and affliction do not
harass one. Although they have not developed proper samadhi—although
they don't understand the Buddhadharma and are not
cultivating the proper concentration power—their minds are
pure to the point that all outflows are stilled. They hold
the precepts purely, and within the purity of their minds
they are not moved by outflows. They do not have any faults.
They don't get involved in the endless desires of the
material world such as food, clothing, and all the objects
of desire. Those are all outflows. The inhabitants of these
heavens don't have any of these weaknesses, afflictions,
habits, or faults. This is called the First Dhyana. In
cultivating the Way, your pulse stops if you reach the first dhyana. If you want to know whether you have any skill,
check out your pulse. If you have really reached the level
of the first dhyana, then your pulse will stop, and you will
be like a dead person. That's a sign of this level, which is
the first step in cultivation. It is not a lofty state.
To be continued |
