所以比丘有三種意思,是多含不翻的意思,包含了這三種意思,如果你把它翻譯過來,只有一種意思,所以還保留比丘的名字;比丘尼就是出家的女人;優婆塞就是在家的男居士;優婆夷就是在家的女居士。優婆塞翻譯過來的意思,是近事男,就是親近三寶的一個男人;優婆夷也叫近事女,就是親近三寶的一個女人。這叫四眾弟子。
這四眾弟子見大寶塔,都見了大寶塔住在空中;我們的寶塔都是在地上,為甚麼多寶如來這個寶塔在空中呢?空中現出一個寶塔來,這個寶塔要有基礎,那麼它怎麼會停止在虛空中呢?現在有很好的證明,你看現在人造衛星,可以在虛空裡頭的軌道上,飛來飛去,又有太空站,太空站又可以停在太空。人的力量都可以做到這種微妙境界,何況佛法呢?佛法是更微妙,不可思議,所以這個寶塔停在虛空中,這也等於一個太空站一樣。現在太空時代,在太空站那個地方,可以把飛機放在那個地方,然後再飛到第二個世界去,這都不稀奇的。所以這個寶塔在虛空裡頭,這一點都不稀奇。
咱們有一種表法,表示甚麼呢?表示無所住,無所執著,雖然在虛空,虛空裡本來是虛空,怎麼可以住呢!這就無所著住。「又聞塔中所出音聲」,又聽到寶塔裡面生出微妙的大音聲,「皆得法喜」,所有的四眾弟子在這時候都得法喜充滿,就是聞到這個法,生出歡喜心來,把憂愁都忘了。「怪未曾有」,難怪你打這個妄想,說寶塔在虛空裡怎麼會停住呢?當時這四眾弟子,都覺得很奇怪的,啊!這太奇怪了,這個寶塔怎會停在虛空裡頭呢?
「從座而起」,於是乎四眾弟子,本來都在那兒坐著,現在大家都站起來了,而且恭敬合掌。這個義理,恭敬是兩個手都合起掌來,身也恭敬、心也恭敬。「卻住一面」,卻就是退,退到一邊去,從旁坐位退到一邊。為甚麼他們站起來,又退到一邊?他們現在是有所懷疑,有不明白的地方,想要請問問題,請釋迦牟尼佛答覆這個問題,所以卻住一面。
爾時有菩薩摩訶薩。名大樂說。知一切世間天人阿修羅等,心之所疑,而白佛言:世尊!以何因緣。有此寶塔從地湧出?又於其中發是音聲?
在四眾合掌,身心恭敬,卻住一面的時候,有菩薩摩訶薩,「菩薩摩訶薩」,常來聽經的人都知道是怎麼樣一個意思。不過有很多沒有聽過經的,若是不詳細講一講呢!我相信初聽經的人不會懂,所以再講一講,和剛才講比丘一樣的意思。菩者是覺也,薩者有情也,就是覺有情。是覺悟一切的有情,又可以說他是有情裡邊的一位覺悟者,也就是眾生裡邊的一個開悟的人。摩訶薩就是位大菩薩,這一位菩薩不但是眾生裡邊的一個覺悟的人,能以自利利他,行菩薩道,菩薩道就是要對人有好處,不管自己怎麼樣,也要教化一切眾生,度脫一切眾生都離苦得樂,得快樂,所以就叫大菩薩。菩薩發心是為眾生而捨生命,也都願意的,所以釋迦牟尼佛在過去生中行菩薩道的時候,他捨生命捨過一千次,為教化眾生。有眾生不聽教的,他甚至於生命都不要了,也要去度這個眾生,教化這個眾生,所以這是行菩薩道。菩薩道不是那麼容易行的,你們有沒有聽過那個舍利弗?佛的弟子舍利弗,發菩薩心,行菩薩道,因聽見釋迦牟尼讚歎菩薩道最高最妙,這是成佛的一條道路,他也想要快點成佛,所以發心行菩薩道。舍利弗是最聰明的,他在釋迦牟尼佛這些聲聞弟子中,最聰明,記憶力也非常好,所以他聽到菩薩道好,就發願行菩薩道。
走在路上去,心裡想無論怎麼樣困難的事情,我也一定要做,一定要行菩薩道。釋迦牟尼佛捨生命,我呀!有人向我化緣,化甚麼我都給他,化我生命我也給他。這麼走著呢,就遇見一個人,一邊走一邊哭,你看這個男人怎麼一邊走一邊哭呢?很奇怪,他當然是有困難的問題了,我行菩薩道應該解決他的困難,幫助他。就問:「這位…先生,你為甚麼哭呢?」這人說:「我啊…我這個問題沒有人可以幫得了我,因為這個太難了。」舍利弗說:「不一定吧!我可以幫助你,你向我講一講。」這個人說:「你真可以幫助我?我相信你不會幫助我,我和你說也沒用。」舍利弗說:「無論你怎樣困難的事情,我都可以幫忙你。」那個人說:「我母親有病了,病得沒有藥可治。去看醫生,醫生說我母親需要人的眼睛來給她治這個病。我到藥材店去買人的眼睛,到什麼地方也買不著,沒有賣的。」若是現代就可以了,現在你看那眼睛庫有很多眼睛,可是那個時候沒有。「我想買眼睛買不著,所以我母親這個病不會好囉!」舍利弗說:「那不要緊,只要一個眼睛嗎?來!我挖我的眼睛給你啦!」於是乎拿了一把刀就把自己的右眼睛挖起了,就給這個人說:「你拿回去,給你母親吃了。」這個人拿起一看說:「啊…你這個…我不是要右眼睛,我是要左眼睛,這個右眼睛沒有用,唉!你這眼睛很臭的。」拿了就摔在地上,用腳踩碎了。舍利弗一看:「哎呀!這菩薩道真是難行啊!」,「好了!我是行不了菩薩道了,回去修小乘法吧!」你看舍利弗這樣聰明的人,都行不了菩薩道。他這一說不行菩薩道了,和他化緣的人即刻就湧身處空,到虛空去了,原來是一個天人來試驗他。他的眼睛本來是挖下來,現在又恢復原狀,又沒有挖下來。他就好像做夢似的,怎麼一回事?我都把眼睛挖下來了,現在又有了這個眼睛,沒有挖下來,啊…原來是一種境界。這個境界他不認識了,所以就不行菩薩道了。這是舍利弗認為菩薩道難行,你們各位要行菩薩道的時候,切記不要像舍利弗那樣。
這個菩薩的名字叫甚麼呢?叫「大樂說」,他最歡喜說佛法。他若參加我們這個禪七,是不受歡迎的,因為他太喜歡說了。我們這兒都不講話,很少人講話的,不過,他們如果來也可以,勉勉強強都可以大樂說。「知一切世間」,他知道一切世間及天上的人和阿修羅等,「心之所疑」,他們心裡所懷疑的事情,「而白佛言」,對佛就說,世尊從何因緣,以甚麼因緣有此寶塔?為甚麼這個寶塔現在處空裡頭?這是個甚麼因緣?現在這一切天人全都懷疑這件事情。
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Since the word "Bhikshu" includes these three meanings, it is not translated but is left in the Sanskrit. A Bhikshuni is a woman who has left home and the same three meanings apply. An Upasaka is a layman and an Upasika is a laywoman. The Sanskrit word Upasaka means "a man who is close in work," as a layman works closely with the Triple Jewel. Upasika means "a woman who is close in work," working closely with the Triple Jewel. These are the four assemblies of disciples.
Seeing the great jeweled stupa standing in mid-air. Our stupas are on the ground. Why was this stupa in the air? What was it standing on? What was its foundation? How could it do this? Well, what about the space that satellites rest on when they orbit around and around? If people can invent these, how much the more so could they happen in the Buddhadharma.
The Buddhadharma is a lot more subtle and wonderful than the dharmas of people. The Jeweled Stupa is sort of like a space station. There's nothing strange about the Jeweled Stupa being in space, then. This represents that the Buddha dwells nowhere and has no attachments. How can one stand still in empty space? They can, without attachments anywhere.
And hearing the voice from within it. They heard the wonderful, mighty voice coming from the Stupa.
All gained Dharma joy. They were so happy, they forgot all about their troubles.
And marveled at this unprecedented occurrence. No wonder you asked how the Stupa could stand in empty space. Even the four-fold assembly who saw it thought that it was strange. "Gee! How weird! How can a jeweled stupa stand there in empty space?"
They rose from their seats, reverently placed their palms together and withdrew to one side. Because their minds were filled with awe and wonder, their bodies expressed reverence by withdrawing to one side. They stood up and withdrew because they didn't understand it, and wanted Shakyamuni Buddha to answer their questions about it.
Sutra:
Just then a Bodhisattva Mahasattva by the name of Great Delight in Speaking, knowing the doubts in the minds of all the gods, humans, asuras, and others from all the worlds, spoke the Buddha saying, "World Honored One, by means of what causes and conditions has this jeweled stupa welled up out of the earth and produced this loud sound?"
Just then a Bodhisattva
Mahasattva... "Bodhi" means enlightenment. "Sattva" is a sentient being. A Bodhisattva enlightens all sentient beings. A Bodhisattva is an enlightened being among sentient beings, an enlightened one. A Mahasattva is a Great Bodhisattva. Not only is this Bodhisattva an enlightened one among living beings, he can benefit self and others. Bodhisattvas think only to benefit others and they pay no attention to whether or not they themselves receive any benefits. They teach, transform, and rescue all living beings, causing all living beings to leave suffering and attain bliss. So they are called Great Bodhisattvas. Bodhisattvas resolve to give up their very lives for living beings. So Shakyamuni Buddha in past lives when practicing the Bodhisattva Path gave up his life over one thousand times to teach living beings. If living beings failed to respond to his teaching, he would even give up his life if necessary to save them. The Bodhisattva Path is not all that easy to practice. You all remember the story about Shariputra who tried to practice the Bodhisattva Path, don't you? He heard the Buddha praising the Bodhisattva Path as the highest path and so he thought he would try it out. He was the most intelligent of all the Buddha's disciples and he had the best memory. However, it proved to be too much for him. When you practice the Bodhisattva Path, take care not to be like Shariputra!
By the name of Great Delight in Speaking. What was the name of this Bodhisattva? It was Great Delight in Speaking. He was most delighted when speaking Buddhadharma. If he came to attend our Ch'an Meditation Session, he might not have been too welcome, because he liked to talk too much. We don't talk a lot here. But, he could come here if he wanted to. We could work it out.
Knowing the doubts in the minds of all the gods, humans, asuras, and others from all the worlds, spoke to the Buddha saying, "World honored one, by means of what causes and conditions has this jeweled stupa welled up out of the earth and produced this loud sound?" It went straight up into the air and a wonderful sound came forth from it. Why? Please, teacher, be compassionate and tell us. We all have doubts about this matter. |